Juego y funciones ejecutivas en la educación preescolar: evidencia, efectos y condiciones de eficacia. Una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

  • Celinda Aidee Martínez Cruz Universidad Metropolitana de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología image/svg+xml Author
  • Ana Isabel Fernández Farraguta Universidad de Panamá image/svg+xml Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64325/IJIP.v3i2.67

Palabras clave:

juego, funciones ejecutivas, educación preescolar, psicopedagogía, autorregulación, revisión sistemática

Resumen

Las funciones ejecutivas (FE) predicen la preparación escolar y el ajuste posterior. La tradición histórico-cultural concede al juego un lugar central en el preescolar, pero no está claro qué tipos de juego, en qué condiciones y por qué vías favorecen las FE entre los 3 y los 6 años. Este articulo pretende analizar críticamente la evidencia sobre juego y FE en esa edad, distinguiendo eficacia, asociación y mecanismo. Se utilizó como método una revisión sistemática con síntesis narrativa, informada según PRISMA 2020. De 88 registros (2000-2026), 21 estudios primarios aportaron evidencia directa y 26 trabajos, evidencia complementaria, obteniendo como resultado que los juegos de reglas y el juego de pretensión muestran efectos favorables en estudios con control activo, sobre todo en control inhibitorio. También se encontró que el estudio curricular de mayor escala no halló efectos y el juego con bloques no tuvo efectos principales. Los beneficios tienden a concentrarse en niños con desventaja inicial, y la evidencia sobre memoria de trabajo, flexibilidad y transferencia al aula es escasa. Con esto se logra concluir que el juego parece ser un contexto prometedor más que una intervención eficaz por sí misma; sus efectos dependen de la demanda ejecutiva, la mediación adulta, la progresión y la fidelidad de la implementación.

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2026-10-27

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Martínez Cruz, C. A., & Fernández Farraguta, A. I. (2026). Juego y funciones ejecutivas en la educación preescolar: evidencia, efectos y condiciones de eficacia. Una revisión sistemática. International Journal of Innovation and Pedagogy, 3(2), 67. https://doi.org/10.64325/IJIP.v3i2.67